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We have recently reported a
2024-05-16
We have recently reported a regulatory effect of quercetin on the AChE activity in the brainstem during the demyelination and remyelination process [17]. It has also been observed that there is a protective effect on lipid peroxidation and worsening of motor functions caused by loss of myelin in the
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orphan receptor br Acknowledgments br Introduction Human inn
2024-05-16
Acknowledgments Introduction Human innate immune system provides first line of defense against multiple viral or bacterial attacks, and provides critical surveillance against oncogenic development. Evidences show that individuals with primary immunodeficiency or induced immunosuppression durin
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The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic acid AMPA recept
2024-05-16
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic thz1 receptor (AMPA) receptor is also enriched in postsynaptic striatal neurons (Bernard et al., 1997, Kondo et al., 2000, Reimers et al., 2011). Its activity is subjected to the regulation by a mechanism involving phosphorylation (Lu and Roche, 2
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The allosteric site of class
2024-05-16
The allosteric site of class C receptors is generally located on the extracellular side of the TM domain (Brauner-Osborne et al., 2007, Christopher et al., 2015, Dore et al., 2014, Gregory et al., 2011, Harpsoe et al., 2017, Kniazeff et al., 2011, Pin and Prezeau, 2007, Urwyler, 2011, Wu et al., 201
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PD research involves the use of
2024-05-16
PD research involves the use of many animal models, which can be categorized into two main types: toxic models—among which the two most widely used are the classical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model in rats and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model in mice and monkeys—and gen
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br Roles of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular diseases
2024-05-16
Roles of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular diseases Therapeutic potential of apelin/APJ in cardiovascular diseases Since the apelin/APJ system plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, it seems logical to presume that targeting this axis should be feasible a
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APJ receptors have a amino
2024-05-16
APJ receptors have a 380 amino Q-VD Oph sequence with a characteristic G-protein structure, including seven transmembrane domains and post-translation modification sites for phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glycosylation along with association sites for β-arrestin (O'Dowd et al., 1993). APJ rece
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br Experimental section br Introduction NMDA receptor
2024-05-16
Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of Mizoribine regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to the regulated
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br Perspectives br Acknowledgments This investigation
2024-05-16
Perspectives Acknowledgments This investigation was supported by a Research Grant 2010/01385-5 from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil). P.F.S. was recipient of a CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil) productivity grant. R.F.A. was recipient of
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caspofungin receptor Aldose reductase AR is an NADPH
2024-05-16
Aldose reductase (AR), is an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase very well studied as a catalyst of glucose conversion to sorbitol in the polyol pathway [11], [12]. In the diabetic lens characterized by chronically high levels of glucose, AR is responsible for production of high levels of sorbitol a
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Various compounds have been designed to
2024-05-16
Various compounds have been designed to inhibit aldose reductase (AR) [12]. These compounds can be classified into two main categories, the first category comprises those containing a carboxylic Methscopolamine sale moiety, for example, 3-thiazolidineacetic acid derivative, which has been reported
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Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of the Pan
2024-05-16
Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of the Panax ginseng root, which contain many types of ginsenosides including Rb1, Rg1, Rc, and Rg3. The ginsenoside Rb1 appears to be the most abundant of the bioactive ginsenosides [15]. Rb1 exhibits antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxid
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ACK can be localized to clathrin coated vesicles The associa
2024-05-15
ACK1 can be localized to clathrin-coated vesicles [1]. The association of SNX9 with synaptojanin-1 would suggest the two cooperate during endocytosis at the synapse by coupling the sorting nexin to changes in phospholipid composition. ACK1 in turn negatively regulates the association of SNX9 with ta
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Apoptosis or programmed cell death is
2024-05-15
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemical mechanisms, which are energy-dependent. It is considered to be a vital component of many processes such as normal cell cycle, immune mechanism, atrophy, embryonic development and toxin-induced cell death (Elmore, 2007). In addition, apo
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The next level of possible correlation and
2024-05-15
The next level of possible correlation and comparison between the α7 and 5HT3 receptors is at the subunit arrangement and protein folding. Crystal structures of the nicotinic and serotoninergic p-Cresyl sulfate receptors [45], [46] reinforced the concept of similarities between these families of re