• The mitogen activated protein kinase

  2024-03-18

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an important role in a variety of cell processes by controlling transcriptional or translational regulation [14]. There are three major MAPK family members that have been well characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-termin

• ASK belongs to the family of MAPKKK

  2024-03-18

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• csf1r br COPD As in asthma also in COPD

  2024-03-18

  

  COPD As in asthma, also in COPD, increased expression of arginase has been reported, and tobacco smoke may increase expression of arginase in human subjects [46, 47]. Increased ADMA levels have also been reported in COPD, and both the increased expression of arginase and ADMA contribute to remode

• Methoxy-X04 br Conflict of interest statement br Introductio

  2024-03-18

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), a well-known Chinese traditional medicine that is used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [1]. Tan IIA exhibits diverse pharm

• Although AMPK is a negative regulator of bioenergetic reprog

  2024-03-18

  

  Although AMPK is a negative regulator of bioenergetic reprogramming in cancer cells, little is known about the role of AMPK in immunometabolism in sepsis. Our current study indicates that AMPKα dysfunction enhances PKM2-dependent aerobic glycolysis, which results in HMGB1 release in macrophages and

• br Perspectives br Acknowledgments This investigation

  2024-03-18

  

  Perspectives Acknowledgments This investigation was supported by a Research Grant 2010/01385-5 from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil). P.F.S. was recipient of a CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil) productivity grant. R.F.A. was recipient of

• br A and tau in Alzheimer s disease

  2024-03-18

  

  Aβ and tau in Alzheimer's disease The two classical histopathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular insoluble Aβ deposits, known as Aβ plaques, and intracellular accumulations of insoluble microtubule-associated tau protein, known as neurofibrillary tangles [14]. Aβ peptides are produced as a

• colorimetric br Discussion Herein we demonstrate that mice d

  2024-03-18

  

  Discussion Herein, we demonstrate that mice deficient in L-12/15 LO are more sensitive to 3-NP-induced toxicity although a substantial individual variability in striatal lesion size in response to 3-NP in both genotypes was observed. This variability is not atypical; several studies demonstrate s

• At the organismal level skeletal muscle lung and adipose

  2024-03-18

  

  At the organismal level, skeletal muscle, lung and adipose tissues mediate net de novo synthesis and release of glutamine, whereas net glutamine catabolism occurs in the kidney [7]. The liver exhibits net glutamine consumption coupled to urea production in the post-absorptive state, and net glutamin

• Sepantronium shows the synthesis of imidazole

  2024-03-18

  

  shows the synthesis of imidazole intermediates , , and . The key precursor keto aldehyde – was prepared in situ by SeO mediated oxidation of corresponding carbonyl compounds and or hydrolysis of dibromo ketone . Subsequent treatment with -Boc piperidine-4-carbaldehyde in the presence of aqueous

• Ozone induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung invo

  2024-03-18

  

  Ozone-induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung involve neutrophil extravasation through enhanced trans-endothelial migration (Krishna et al., 1997). Catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which are increased by ozone inhalation (Bass et al., 2013, Miller et al., 2015, Miller et al., 2016a, Mil

• As noted earlier the PfkB family

  2024-03-16

  

  As noted earlier, the PfkB family of carbohydrate kinases can phosphorylate the hydroxymethyl group of a wide variety of sugar moieties [1], [3]. Recent searches of the Swiss-Prot database with the two conserved sequence motifs found in these proteins (Accession nos. PS00583 and PS00584) identified

• AdK as an important upstream regulator

  2024-03-16

  

  AdK as an important upstream regulator of adenosine-based homeostasis represents a promising drug target since it leads to an increase in adenosine concentrations. Taking into account that the adenosine formation is only increased in affected tissues under stress with high adenosine levels, AdK inhi

• Ki16198 br LOX in colorectal cancer Colorectal

  2024-03-16

  

  5-LOX in colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) like other malignancies exhibits an overexpression of 5-LOX. Ohd et al. (Ohd et al., 2003) revealed in a study that malignant colon tissues overexpress 5-LOX activity and retain elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes. Additionall

• Since innate immune responses represent the first defense

  2024-03-16

  

  Since innate immune responses represent the first defense against incoming infectious microorganisms, they are particularly engaged during the early stages of viral infections. Many innate defense mechanisms rely on the engagement of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are conserved, germ lin

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